Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) wuxuu sababay boqolaal milyan oo caabuq ah iyo malaayiin dhimasho ah tan iyo markii uu cudurku dillaacay dhammaadkii 2019, taasoo ka dhigaysa xaalad degdeg ah oo caafimaad oo caalami ah. Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) ayaa soo bandhigay shan "nooc oo walaac ah"[1], kuwaas oo kala ah Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta iyo Omicron, nooca mutant-ka ee Omicron waa nooca ugu badan ee cudurka faafa ee adduunka hadda jira. Ka dib markii lagu qaadsiiyay mutant-ka Omicron, astaamuhu waa kuwo fudud, laakiin dadka gaarka ah sida dadka difaaca jirkoodu daciif yahay, waayeelka, cudurrada daba-dheeraada iyo carruurta, khatarta cudurro halis ah ama xitaa dhimasho ka dib infekshanku wali way sarreysaa. Heerka dhimashada kiisaska ee noocyada mutant-ka ee Omicron, xogta dhabta ah waxay muujineysaa in heerka dhimashada celceliska kiisaska uu yahay qiyaastii 0.75%, kaas oo ah qiyaastii 7 ilaa 8 jeer ka badan hargabka, heerka dhimashada kiisaska ee dadka waayeelka ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ka weyn 80 sano, wuxuu ka badan yahay 10%, kaas oo ku dhawaad 100 jeer ka badan hargabka caadiga ah.[2]Calaamadaha caafimaad ee caadiga ah ee caabuqa waa qandho, qufac, cuna qalalan, cuna xanuun, myalgia, iwm. Bukaannada daran waxay yeelan karaan neefsasho la'aan iyo/ama yaraanta dhiigga ee dhiigga ku jirta.
Waxaa jira afar nooc oo fayrasyada hargabka ah: A, B, C iyo D. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee cudurrada faafa waa nooca A (H1N1) iyo H3N2, iyo nooca B (Victoria iyo Yamagata). Hargabka uu keeno fayraska hargabka wuxuu sababi doonaa cudur faafa xilliyeed iyo masiibo aan la saadaalin karin sannad kasta, iyadoo heerka dhacdooyinka ay sarreeyaan. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka, qiyaastii 3.4 milyan oo kiis ayaa laga daaweeyaa cudurrada u eg hargabka sannad kasta.[3], iyo qiyaastii 88,100 kiis oo cudurrada neefsashada ee la xiriira hargabka ayaa sababa dhimasho, taasoo ka dhigan 8.2% dhimashada cudurrada neefsashada[4]Calaamadaha caafimaad waxaa ka mid ah qandho, madax-xanuun, calool xanuun iyo qufac qalalan. Kooxaha khatarta sare leh, sida haweenka uurka leh, dhallaanka, waayeelka iyo bukaanada qaba cudurrada daba-dheeraada, waxay u nugul yihiin oof-wareenka iyo dhibaatooyin kale, kuwaas oo horseedi kara dhimasho xaaladaha daran.
1 COVID-19 oo leh khataro hargab.
Caabuqa hargabka ee COVID-19 ayaa sii xumeyn kara saameynta cudurka. Daraasad Ingiriis ah ayaa muujineysa in[5], marka la barbardhigo caabuqa COVID-19 oo keliya, khatarta hawo-qaadista farsamada iyo khatarta dhimashada isbitaalka ee bukaanada COVID-19 ee qaba caabuqa fayraska hargabka ayaa kordhay 4.14 jeer iyo 2.35 jeer.
Kulliyadda Caafimaadka ee Tongji ee Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda Huazhong ayaa daabacday daraasad[6], oo ay ku jiraan 95 daraasadood oo ku saabsan 62,107 bukaan oo qaba COVID-19. Heerka faafitaanka fayraska hargabka ee isku-dhafan wuxuu ahaa 2.45%, oo ay ku jiraan hargabka A ayaa ahaa saami aad u sarreeya. Marka la barbardhigo bukaanada qaba COVID-19 oo keliya, bukaanada qaba hargabka A waxay leeyihiin khatar aad u sarreysa oo ah natiijooyin daran, oo ay ku jiraan gelitaanka ICU, taageerada hawo-mareenka farsamada iyo dhimashada. Inkasta oo faafitaanka caabuqa isku-dhafan uu hooseeyo, bukaanada qaba caabuqa isku-dhafan waxay wajahayaan khatar sare oo cawaaqib xumo daran ah.
Falanqayn-cilmiyeed ayaa muujinaya in[7], marka la barbar dhigo B-stream, A-stream waxay u badan tahay inay la wadaagaan COVID-19. 143 bukaan oo isku cudurka ah, 74% ayaa qaba A-stream, 20%-na waxay qabaan B-stream. Caabuqa wadajirka ah wuxuu horseedi karaa cudur aad u daran oo soo gaara bukaanada, gaar ahaan kooxaha nugul sida carruurta.
Cilmi-baarista lagu sameeyay carruurta iyo dhallinyarada da'doodu ka yar tahay 18 sano ee isbitaal la dhigay ama u dhintay hargabka xilligii hargabka ee Mareykanka sannadihii 2021-22 ayaa lagu ogaaday.[8]in dhacdada isku-darka infekshanka hargabka ee COVID-19 ay u qalanto fiiro gaar ah. Kiisaska isbitaal dhigista ee la xiriira hargabka, 6% ayaa la wadaagay COVID-19 iyo hargabka, saamiga dhimashada la xiriirta hargabkana wuxuu gaaray 16%. Natiijadan waxay soo jeedinaysaa in bukaanada la wadaagay COVID-19 iyo hargabka ay u baahan yihiin taageero neefsasho oo duullaan ah oo aan duullaan ahayn in ka badan kuwa qaba hargabka oo keliya, waxayna tilmaamaysaa in isku-darka infekshanku uu u horseedi karo khatar cudur oo aad u daran carruurta.
2 Kala duwanaanshaha ogaanshaha hargabka iyo COVID-19.
Cudurrada cusub iyo hargabka labaduba aad bay u faafaan, waxaana jira isku mid ah calaamadaha qaarkood ee caafimaad, sida qandhada, qufaca iyo myalgia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaababka daaweynta ee labadan fayras way kala duwan yihiin, daawooyinka fayraska dila ee la isticmaalona way kala duwan yihiin. Inta lagu jiro daaweynta, dawooyinku waxay beddeli karaan astaamaha caafimaad ee caadiga ah ee cudurka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u adag in lagu ogaado cudurka calaamadaha oo keliya. Sidaa darteed, ogaanshaha saxda ah ee COVID-19 iyo hargabka waxay u baahan tahay inay ku tiirsanaato ogaanshaha kala duwanaanshaha fayraska si loo hubiyo in bukaannadu ay heli karaan daaweyn ku habboon oo wax ku ool ah.
Talooyin badan oo la isku raacsan yahay oo ku saabsan ogaanshaha iyo daaweynta ayaa soo jeedinaya in aqoonsiga saxda ah ee COVID-19 iyo fayraska hargabka iyada oo loo marayo baaritaannada shaybaarka ay aad muhiim u tahay dejinta qorshe daaweyn macquul ah.
Qorshaha Daaweynta iyo Baadhista Hargabka (Daabacaadda 2020)》[9]iyo 《Baaritaanka iyo Daaweynta Heerka Caadiga ah ee Khubarada Degdegga ah ee Cudurrada Hargabka Dadka Waaweyn (Daabacaadda 2022)》[10]Dhammaantood waxay caddaynayaan in hargabku uu la mid yahay cudurrada qaarkood ee COVID-19, COVID-19-na wuxuu leeyahay calaamado fudud oo caadi ah sida qandho, qufac qalalan iyo cuna xanuun, taas oo aan si fudud loo kala saari karin hargabka; Calaamadaha daran iyo kuwa halista ah waxaa ka mid ah oof-wareen daran, xanuunka neefsashada ee daran iyo cilladaha xubnaha, kuwaas oo la mid ah astaamaha caafimaad ee hargabka daran iyo kan daran, waxaana loo baahan yahay in lagu kala saaro asalka.
《Qorshaha cusub ee ogaanshaha iyo daaweynta caabuqa coronavirus (daabacaadda tobnaad ee hirgelinta tijaabada》[11]ayaa xusay in caabuqa Covid-19 uu ka duwan yahay caabuqa sare ee neef-mareenka oo ay keenaan fayrasyada kale.
3 Farqiga u dhexeeya daaweynta hargabka iyo caabuqa COVID-19
2019-nCoV iyo hargabka waa cuduro kala duwan oo ay keenaan fayrasyo kala duwan, hababka daaweyntuna way kala duwan yihiin. Isticmaalka saxda ah ee daawooyinka fayraska lidka ku ah waxay joojin karaan dhibaatooyinka halista ah iyo khatarta dhimashada ee labada cudur.
Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo daawooyinka yar yar ee fayraska dila sida Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola iyo daawooyinka difaaca jirka dila sida duritaanka antibody-ga monoclonal ee Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir marka lagu jiro COVID-19[12].
Daawooyinka ka hortagga hargabka waxay inta badan isticmaalaan daawooyinka neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (Abidor) iyo RNA polymerase inhibitors (Mabaloxavir), kuwaas oo saameyn wanaagsan ku leh fayrasyada hargabka A iyo B ee hadda caanka ah.[13].
Doorashada dawooyin ku habboon oo ka hortagga fayraska ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah daaweynta 2019-nCoV iyo hargabka. Sidaa darteed, aad ayey muhiim u tahay in si cad loo aqoonsado cudurka si loo hago daawada caafimaadka.
4 COVID-19/ Hargabka A / Influenza B oo ah baaritaan saddex-geesood ah oo lagu sameeyo aashitada nukliyeer-ka
Badeecadani waxay bixisaa aqoonsi degdeg ah oo sax ah oFayrasyada hargabka 2019-nCoV, hargabka A iyo fayraska hargabka B, waxayna ka caawisaa kala soocidda 2019-nCoV iyo hargabka, laba cudur oo faafa oo neef-mareenka ah oo leh calaamado caafimaad oo isku mid ah laakiin istaraatiijiyado daaweyn oo kala duwan. Iyadoo la aqoonsanayo cudurka, waxay hagi kartaa horumarinta caafimaad ee barnaamijyada daaweynta ee la beegsanayo waxayna hubin kartaa in bukaannadu ay heli karaan daaweyn ku habboon waqtiga.
Xalka guud:
Ururinta muunadda - Soo saarista aashitada nukliyeerka - Falgalka ogaanshaha - falgalka silsiladda polymerase
Aqoonsi sax ah: ku aqoonso Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), fayraska hargabka A iyo fayraska hargabka B hal tuubo.
Xasaasiyadda aadka u daran: LOD ee Covid-19 waa 300 nuqul/mL, kan fayraska hargabka A iyo B waa 500 nuqul/mL.
Dabool dhammaystiran: Covid-19 waxaa ku jira dhammaan noocyada isbeddelka keena, oo ay ku jiraan hargabka A oo ay ku jiraan H1N1 xilliyeedka, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, iwm., iyo hargabka B oo ay ku jiraan noocyada Victoria iyo Yamagata, si loo hubiyo in aan la ogaan doonin.
Xakamaynta tayada la isku halleyn karo: xakamaynta taban/togan ee ku dhex jirta, tixraaca gudaha iyo enzyme-ka UDG oo afar laab ah oo xakamaynta tayada ah, la socodka walxaha iyo hawlgallada si loo hubiyo natiijooyin sax ah.
Si ballaaran ayaa loo isticmaalaa: waa la jaan qaadaya qalabka PCR-ka ee afar-kanaal ee ugu weyn suuqa.
Soo saarid otomaatig ah: oo leh Macro & Micro-TuguNidaamka soo saarista aashitada nucleic-ka ee otomaatiga ah iyo falgalayaasha soo saarista, hufnaanta shaqada iyo joogtaynta natiijooyinka ayaa la hagaajiyaa.
Macluumaadka alaabta
Tixraacyada
1. Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka. La socodka noocyada SARS-CoV-2[EB/OL]. (2022-12-01) [2023-01-08]. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants.
2. Fasiraadda Awoodda leh _ Liang Wannian: Heerka dhimashada ee Omicron waa 7 ilaa 8 jeer ka badan hargabka _ Hargabka _ Cudurro faafa _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html.
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, iwm. Culeyska la-talinta cudurrada la xiriira hargabka ee bukaan-socodka ee Shiinaha, 2006-2015: daraasad ku salaysan dadweynaha[J]. Hargabka Fayrasyada Neefsashada Kale, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, iwm. Dhimashada neefsashada ee xad-dhaafka ah ee la xiriirta hargabka ee Shiinaha, 2010-15: daraasad ku salaysan dadweynaha[J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, iwm. SARS-CoV-2 oo la socda fayrasyada hargabka, fayraska neefsashada ee isku-dhafan, ama fayraska adenoviruses. Lancet. 2022; 399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Baahsanaanta iyo natiijooyinka la xiriira ee isku-darka caabuqa ee u dhexeeya SARS-CoV-2 iyo hargabka: dib-u-eegis nidaamsan iyo falanqayn-meta. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Caabuqa isku-dhafan ee SARS-CoV-2 iyo fayrasyada hargabka: Dib-u-eegis nidaamsan iyo falanqayn-meta. J Clin Virol Plus. Sebteembar 2021; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, iwm. Baahsanaanta SARS-CoV-2 iyo Influenza-ka iyo Astaamaha Caafimaad ee Carruurta iyo Dhalinyarada da'doodu ka yar tahay 18 sano ee Isbitaalka la dhigay ama u dhintay Hargabka - Mareykanka, Xilliga Hargabka 2021-22. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(50):1589-1596.
9. Guddiga Caafimaadka Qaranka iyo Fayo-qabka ee Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha (PRC), maamulka gobolka ee daawada dhaqanka Shiinaha. Barnaamijka Daaweynta iyo Baadhista Hargabka (Daabacaadda 2020) [J]. Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Cudurrada Faafa ee Kiliinikada, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Laanta Dhakhtarka Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Laanta Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Beijing, Guddiga Xirfadlayaasha Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ciidanka Xoraynta Dadka Shiinaha. Is-waafajinta Khubarada Degdegga ah ee ku saabsan Baadhista iyo Daaweynta Hargabka Dadka Waaweyn (Daabacaadda 2022) [J]. Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Daawada Daryeelka Degdegga ah, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
11. Xafiiska Guud ee Guddiga Caafimaadka iyo Fayo-qabka ee Gobolka, Waaxda Guud ee Maamulka Gobolka ee Daawada Dhaqanka Shiinaha. Ogeysiis ku saabsan Daabacaadda iyo Qaybinta Qorshaha Cusub ee Baaritaanka iyo Daaweynta Cudurka Korona (Daabacaadda Tijaabada Tobnaad).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, iwm. Isku raac khabiiro ku saabsan daaweynta fayraska ee dadka cusub ee qaba cudurka coronavirus [J]. Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Cudurrada Cudurrada faafa ee Kiliinikada, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Laanta Dhakhtarka Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Laanta Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Beijing, Guddiga Xirfadlayaasha Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ciidanka Xoraynta Dadka Shiinaha. Is-waafajinta Khubarada Degdegga ah ee ku saabsan Baadhista iyo Daaweynta Hargabka Dadka Waaweyn (Daabacaadda 2022) [J]. Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Daawada Daryeelka Degdegga ah, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
Waqtiga boostada: Maarso-29-2024