Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) wuxuu sababay boqolaal milyan oo caabuq ah iyo malaayiin dhimasho ah tan iyo markii uu dillaacay dhammaadka 2019, taasoo ka dhigaysa xaalad caafimaad oo degdeg ah oo caalami ah.Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) ayaa soo saaray shan "nooca walaaca mutant"[1], kuwaas oo kala ah Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta iyo Omicron, iyo Omicron mutant strain waa culayska ugu badan ee cudurka faafa ee aduunka hadda.Ka dib marka lagu qaado cudurka Omicron mutant, calaamaduhu waa kuwo fudud, laakiin dadka gaarka ah sida dadka difaaca jirka ah, dadka waayeelka ah, cudurrada dabadheeraad ah iyo carruurta, khatarta jirro halis ah ama xitaa dhimasho ka dib caabuqa ayaa weli ah mid sarreeya.Heerka dhimashada kiisaska mutant-ga ee Omicron, xogta dhabta ah ee adduunka ayaa muujineysa in celceliska heerka dhimashada kiisaska uu yahay 0.75%, taas oo qiyaastii 7 ilaa 8 jeer ka badan hargabka, iyo heerka dhimashada dadka waayeelka ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ka weyn 80 sano. duqoobay, dhaaftay 10%, taasoo 100 jeer ku dhow hargabka caadiga ah[2].Calaamadaha caafimaad ee caadiga ah ee caabuqa waa qandho, qufac, cune engegan, cune xanuun, myalgia, iwm. Bukaanada daran waxaa laga yaabaa inay qabaan dyspnea iyo/ama hypoxemia.
Waxaa jira afar nooc oo fayraska hargabka ah: A, B, C iyo D. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee faafa waa nooca A (H1N1) iyo H3N2, iyo cadaadiska B (Victoria iyo Yamagata).Hargabka uu keeno fayraska hargabku waxa uu sababi doonaa faafitaan xilliyeedka iyo masiibo aan la saadaalin karin sanad walba, oo leh heerar sareeyo.Marka loo eego tirakoobyada, qiyaastii 3.4 milyan oo xaaladood ayaa lagu daweeyaa cudurrada u eg hargabka sannad kasta[3], iyo ilaa 88,100 xaaladood oo ah cudurrada neef-mareenka ee la xiriira hargabka ayaa keena dhimasho, taasoo ka dhigan 8.2% dhimashada cudurrada neef-mareenka[4].Calaamadaha bukaan-socodka waxaa ka mid ah qandho, madax-xanuun, myalgia iyo qufac qallalan.Kooxaha khatarta sare leh, sida haweenka uurka leh, dhallaanka, dadka da'da ah iyo bukaannada qaba cudurrada daba-dheeraada, waxay u nugul yihiin oof-wareen iyo dhibaatooyin kale, kuwaas oo keeni kara dhimasho xaalado daran.
1 COVID-19 oo leh khataraha hargabka.
Caabuqa hargabka ee COVID-19 wuxuu ka sii dari karaa saameynta cudurka.Daraasad Ingiriis ah ayaa muujisay taas[5], marka la barbar dhigo caabuqa COVID-19 oo keliya, halista hawo-mareenada iyo halista dhimashada cisbitaalka ee bukaannada COVID-19 ee qaba caabuqa fayraska hargabku waxay korodhay 4.14 jeer iyo 2.35 jeer.
Kulliyadda Caafimaadka ee Tongji ee Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda ee Huazhong ayaa daabacday daraasad[6], oo ay ku jiraan 95 daraasadood oo ku lug leh 62,107 bukaan oo ku jira COVID-19.Heerka faafitaanka fayraska hargabka la wadaaga caabuqa wuxuu ahaa 2.45%, kuwaas oo hargabka A uu ka ahaa qayb aad u sareysa.Marka la barbar dhigo bukaanada qaba COVID-19 oo kaliya, bukaanada uu la wadaago hargabka A waxay leeyihiin khatar aad u sareysa oo ah natiijooyin aad u daran, oo ay ku jiraan gelitaanka ICU, taageerada hawo-mareenka iyo dhimashada.In kasta oo faafitaanka caabuqa la wadaaga uu yar yahay, bukaannada qaba la-qaadista waxay la kulmaan khatar sare oo cawaaqib xumo ah.
Falanqaynta maadada ayaa taas tusaysa[7], marka la barbar dhigo B-stream, A-stream waxay aad ugu dhowdahay in lala qaado COVID-19.Bukaanada 143 ka mid ah, 74% waxay qabaan A-stream, iyo 20% waxay qabaan B-stream.Infekshanku wuxuu u horseedi karaa bukaannada jirro aad u daran, gaar ahaan kooxaha nugul sida carruurta.
Cilmi-baadhis lagu sameeyay carruurta iyo dhallinyarada da'doodu ka yar tahay 18 jir ee cusbitaalka la dhigay ama u dhintay hargab intii lagu jiray xilliga hargabka gudaha Maraykanka ee 2021-22 ayaa la helay.[8]in ifafaalaha la-qaadista hargabka ee COVID-19 ay mudan tahay fiiro gaar ah.Kiisaska cusbitaalka ee la xidhiidha hargabka, 6% ayaa la wada qaaday COVID-19 iyo hargabka, iyo saamiga dhimashada la xidhiidha hargabku waxay gaadhay 16%.Natiijooyinkani waxay soo jeedinayaan in bukaannada uu la wadaago COVID-19 iyo hargabku ay u baahan yihiin taageero neefsasho ah oo aan fiicneyn oo aan fiicneyn oo ka badan kuwa kaliya ee uu ku dhacay hargabka, waxayna tilmaantay in la-qaadista ay u horseedi karto cudur halis ah oo carruurta ah. .
2 Ogaanshaha kala duwanaanshaha hargabka iyo COVID-19.
Cudurada cusub iyo hargabka labaduba aad bay u faafaan, waxaana jira isku mid ah calaamadaha bukaan-socodka qaarkood, sida qandho, qufac iyo myalgia.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamyada daawaynta ee labadan fayras way kala duwan yihiin, daawooyinka fayraska la isticmaalona way kala duwan yihiin.Inta lagu jiro daawaynta, dawooyinka ayaa laga yaabaa inay beddelaan astaamaha caafimaad ee caadiga ah ee cudurka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u adag in cudurka lagu ogaado oo keliya calaamadaha.Sidaa darteed, ogaanshaha saxda ah ee COVID-19 iyo hargabku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu ku tiirsanaado ogaanshaha kala duwanaanshaha fayraska si loo hubiyo in bukaannada ay heli karaan daaweyn habboon oo waxtar leh.
Tiro talo bixin ah oo la isku raacsan yahay oo ku saabsan ogaanshaha iyo daawaynta ayaa soo jeedinaya in aqoonsiga saxda ah ee COVID-19 iyo fayraska hargabka iyada oo loo marayo tijaabooyinka shaybaadhka ay aad muhiim ugu tahay samaynta qorshe daaweyn oo macquul ah.
Qorshe daawaynta iyo ogaanshaha hargabka (Daabacaada 2020)》[9]iyo 《Cabitaanka Hargabka Dadka Waaweyn iyo Oggolaanshaha Khabiirka Degdegga ah ee Heerka Daaweynta (Daabacaada 2022)》[10]Dhammaan waxa ay caddeeyeen in hargabku uu la mid yahay cudurrada qaarkood ee COVID-19, COVID-19-na waxa uu leeyahay astaamo fudud oo caadi ah sida qandho, qufac qallalan iyo cune xanuun, kuwaas oo aan si fudud looga soocin hargabka;Calaamadaha daran iyo kuwa halista ah waxaa ka mid ah oof-wareen daran, xanuunka neef-mareenka ee degdega ah iyo shaqeyn la'aanta xubnaha, kuwaas oo la mid ah calaamadaha bukaan-socodka ee hargabka daran iyo kuwa halista ah, oo u baahan in lagu kala saaro etiology.
Qorshe daawaynta ogaanshaha cudurka infekshanka cusub ee coronavirus ( daabacaad tobnaad ee hirgelinta tijaabada ah)[11]ayaa xusay in caabuqa Covid-19 laga soocaa caabuqa habka neef-mareenka sare ee ay sababaan fayrasyada kale.
3 Farqiga u dhexeeya daaweynta hargabka iyo caabuqa COVID-19
2019-nCoV iyo hargabku waa cudurro kala duwan oo ay keenaan fayrasyo kala duwan, hababka daawayntana way kala duwan yihiin.Isticmaalka saxda ah ee dawooyinka ka hortagga fayraska waxay hor istaagi kartaa dhibaatooyinka halista ah iyo khatarta dhimashada ee labada cudur.
Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo dawooyinka ka hortagga fayraska ee molecular yar sida Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola iyo ka takhalusida daawooyinka ka hortagga unugyada sida Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody duritaanka COVID-19[12].
Daawooyinka ka hortagga hargabka waxay inta badan isticmaalaan neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (Abidor) iyo RNA polymerase inhibitors (Mabaloxavir), kuwaas oo saameyn wanaagsan ku leh hargabka caanka ah ee hadda jira A iyo B.[13].
Doorashada nidaamka fayraska ee habboon ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah daawaynta 2019-nCoV iyo hargabka.Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim u tahay in si cad loo garto cudur-sidaha si loo hago dawooyinka bukaan-socodka.
4 COVID-19/ Hargabka A / Hargabka B saddex laab wadajir ah oo hubinaya alaabta nucleic acid
Alaabtani waxay bixisa aqoonsi degdeg ah oo sax ah of 2019-nCoV, hargabka A iyo fayrasyada hargabka B, waxayna caawisaa in la kala saaro 2019-nCoV iyo hargabka, laba cudur oo caabuqa neef-mareenka ah oo leh calaamado caafimaad oo isku mid ah laakiin xeelado daaweyn oo kala duwan.Iyadoo la aqoonsanayo cudur-sidaha, waxay hagi kartaa horumarinta kiliinikada ee barnaamijyada daawaynta ee la beegsanayo iyo in la hubiyo in bukaanku ay heli karaan daaweyn ku habboon wakhtiga.
Wadarta xalka:
Tusaalaha ururinta--soo-saarka aashitada nukliyeerka--Detection reagent-- falcelinta silsiladda polymerase
Aqoonsiga saxda ah: garto Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), fayraska hargabka A iyo fayraska hargabka B ee hal tuubo.
Aad xasaasi u ah: LOD ee Covid-19 waa 300 koobi/mL, iyo fayraska hargabka A iyo B waa 500 koobi/ml.
Daboolid dhamaystiran: Covid-19 waxa ku jira dhammaan noocyada mutant ee la yaqaan, oo leh hargabka A oo ay ku jiraan H1N1, H3N2, H1N1 2009, iwm ogaanshaha.
Xakamaynta tayada la isku halayn karo: xakamaynta taban/togan ee ku dhex dhisan, tixraac gudaha ah iyo UDG enzyme afar laab xakamaynta tayada, la socodka reagents iyo hawlgallada si loo hubiyo natiijooyinka saxda ah.
Si ballaaran loo isticmaalo: la jaan qaadaya qalabka PCR ee afar-kanaal ee caadiga ah ee suuqa.
Soosaar toos ah: oo leh Makro & Micro-Testsi toos ah nidaamka fiirsashada nucleic acid iyo reagents soo saarista, hufnaanta shaqada iyo joogtaynta natiijooyinka waa la wanaajiyey.
Macluumaadka alaabta
Tixraacyo
1. Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka.Dabagalka SARS-CoV-2 nooc[EB/OL].(2022-12-01) [2023-01-08].https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants.
2. Fasiraadda Awoodda leh _ Liang Wannian: Heerka dhimashada Omicron waa 7 ilaa 8 jeer ka hargabka _ Hargabka _ Faafa
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, iyo al.Culayska bukaan-socodka hargabka-la-xidhiidha la-talinta jirrooyinka hargabka-la midka ah ee Shiinaha, 2006-2015: Daraasad ku salaysan dadweynaha[J].Fayrasyada kale ee hargabka, 2020, 14 (2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, iyo al.Dhimashada neef-mareenka xad-dhaafka ah ee hargabka ee Shiinaha, 2010-15: daraasad dad ku saleysan[J].Caafimaadka Dadweynaha Lancet, 2019, 4 (9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, iyo al.Caabuqa SARS-CoV-2 oo leh fayrasyada hargabka, fayraska syncytial neef-mareenka, ama adenoviruses.Lancet.2022;399 (10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Baahitaanka iyo natiijooyinka la xidhiidha isku-dheellitirka u dhexeeya SARS-CoV-2 iyo hargabka: dib-u-eegis nidaamsan iyo falanqayn-mete.Int J Caabuqa Dis.2023;136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Isku-dubbaridka SARS-CoV-2 iyo fayraska hargabka: Dib-u-eegis nidaamsan iyo falanqayn-mete.J Clin Virol Plus.2021 Seb;1 (3): 100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, iyo al.Baahitaanka SARS-CoV-2 iyo Isku-xidhka Hargabka iyo Sifooyinka Kiliinikada ee Carruurta iyo Dhallinyarada Da'doodu tahay <18 Sano jir ee Cisbitaalka la dhigay ama u dhintay Hargab - Maraykanka, 2021-22 Xilliga Hargabka.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71 (50): 1589-1596.
9. Guddiga Caafimaadka iyo Fayo-qabka Qaranka ee Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha (PRC), maamulka gobolka ee daawada dhaqanka Shiinaha.Barnaamijka Daawaynta iyo ogaanshaha Hargabka (Daabacaada 2020) [J].Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Cudurada Faafa ee Caafimaadka, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Qaybta Dhakhaatiirta Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Laanta Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Beijing, Guddiga Xirfadlaha Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ciidanka Xoreynta Dadka Shiinaha.Oggolaanshaha Khubarada Degdegga ah ee Baadhista iyo Daaweynta Hargabka Dadka Waaweyn (Daabacaadda 2022) [J].joornaalka Shiinaha ee daawada daryeelka halista ah, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. Xafiiska Guud ee Guddiga Caafimaadka iyo Fayo-dhowrka Gobolka, Waaxda Guud ee Maamulka Gobolka ee Daawada Dhaqanka ee Shiinaha.Ogeysiis ku saabsan Daabacaadda iyo Qaybinta Fayraska cusub ee Fayraska Caabuqa Cudurka iyo Qorshaha Daaweynta (Daabacaadda Tobnaad ee Tijaabada).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, iyo al.Oggolaanshaha khabiirka ee daaweynta fayraska ka hortagga fayraska cusub ee dadka cudurka qaba [J].Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Cudurada Faafa ee Caafimaadka, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Qaybta Dhakhaatiirta Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Laanta Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Shiinaha, Ururka Caafimaadka Degdegga ah ee Beijing, Guddiga Xirfadlaha Daawada Degdegga ah ee Ciidanka Xoreynta Dadka Shiinaha.Oggolaanshaha Khubarada Degdegga ah ee Baadhista iyo Daaweynta Hargabka Dadka Waaweyn (Daabacaadda 2022) [J].joornaalka Shiinaha ee daawada daryeelka halista ah, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-29-2024